completing the square alrighty minus 31 both sides x²+12x=-31 take 1/2 of the linear coefient and square it 12 is the linear coefient 12/2=6, (6)²=36 add that to both sides x²+12x+36=36-31 factor perfect square trinomial (x+6)²=5 square root both sides, remember to take positive and negative root